Permutation of the last layer (PLL)

Move the oriented last-layer pieces home: 21 cases.

What it is

PLL is CFOP's last step: the top face is one colour, and one algorithm moves the last-layer pieces into place (plus a final U turn, the AUF). The 21 cases are named by letters (A, E, F, G, H, J, N, R, T, U, V, Y, Z) whose shapes loosely match the arrows of the case.
Cases group by what the corners do: an adjacent corner swap (A, F, G, J, R, T), a diagonal swap (E, N, V, Y), or no corner change (the four EPLLs: U, H, Z). Beginners use 2-look PLL: permute the corners (2 algs), then the edges (4 algs).

Recognition

Read two adjacent sides, and glance at the other two for headlights (a side whose two corner stickers match). Headlights on all four sides of the top layer: solved (an EPLL: U, H or Z). Headlights on exactly one side of the top layer: adjacent swap. No headlights on the top layer: diagonal swap. Blocks of two or three matching stickers and the colour opposite a headlight pair separate the cases.
How to read the diagrams
Sort
Show
Train these
Print sheet

Adj Swap

Aa
x R' U R' D2 R U' R' D2 R2 x'
9 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Ab
x R2 D2 R U R' D2 R U' R x'
9 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
F
(U) y R' U' F' R U R' U' R' F R2 U' R' U' R U R' U R
18 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Ga
R2 U R' U R' U' R U' R2 D U' R' U R D'
15 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Gb
D R' U' R U D' R2 U R' U R U' R U' R2
15 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Gc
R2 U' R U' R U R' U R2 D' U R U' R' D
15 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Gd
R U R' U' D R2 U' R U' R' U R' U R2 D'
15 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Ja
(U) y2 x R2 F R F' R U2 r' U r U2 x'
10 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Jb
R U R' F' R U R' U' R' F R2 U' R'
13 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Ra
(U) y R U' R' U' R U R D R' U' R D' R' U2 R'
15 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Rb
R' U2 R U2 R' F R U R' U' R' F' R2
13 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
T
R U R' U' R' F R2 U' R' U' R U R' F'
14 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs

Opp Swap

E
(U) y x' R U' R' D R U R' D' R U R' D R U' R' D' x
16 HTM · 2.8% · 3 algs
Na
R U R' U R U R' F' R U R' U' R' F R2 U' R' U2 R U' R'
21 HTM · 1.4% · 4 algs
Nb
R' U R U' R' F' U' F R U R' F R' F' R U' R
17 HTM · 1.4% · 4 algs
V
R' U R' U' R D' R' D R' U D' R2 U' R2 D R2
16 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Y
F R U' R' U' R U R' F' R U R' U' R' F R F'
17 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs

EPLL

H
M2 U M2 U2 M2 U M2
11 HTM · 1.4% · 4 algs
Ua
y2 M2 U M U2 M' U M2
11 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Ub
y2 M2 U' M U2 M' U' M2
11 HTM · 5.6% · 4 algs
Z
M' U' M2 U' M2 U' M' U2 M2
14 HTM · 2.8% · 4 algs
Source: SpeedCubeDB, https://speedcubedb.com/a/3x3/PLL, retrieved 2026-10-24: case names, groups, setups and images, and the top-voted algorithms per case with their votes. Every algorithm shown was checked by the logic engine; rejected ones are listed in docs/db-exclusions.md.